太紧张了,好久没有走出面试的阴影,脑子一片空白,明明很多方案,却只写出来一种信号量方法,这里做一个简单的记录。
线程组中的每一个线程都无法继续推进,都只能由其他线程进行唤醒。
互斥、不剥夺、请求与保持、循环等待。这里顺序打印其实很好体现对循环等待的条件的破坏,也就是按照编号进行顺序上锁。
并发的情况下,顺序打印,其实考察的就是对独占锁的使用。这里给出三种方法:信号量、Volatile、ReentrantLock。
面试的时候临场想出来的写法,只能说一点封装、面向对象的思想看不到,只能说相当丑陋。这里其实是一种变相的生产者消费者模式。
@Testpublic void testForSemaphore() {Semaphore semaphoreA = new Semaphore (1);Semaphore semaphoreB = new Semaphore (0);Semaphore semaphoreC = new Semaphore (0);new Thread (() -> {for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++) {try {semaphoreA.acquire ();printf ('A');} catch (InterruptedException e) {throw new RuntimeException (e);} finally {semaphoreB.release ();}}}, "t1").start ();new Thread (() -> {for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++) {try {semaphoreB.acquire ();printf ('B');} catch (InterruptedException e) {throw new RuntimeException (e);} finally {semaphoreC.release ();}}}, "t2").start ();new Thread (() -> {for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++) {try {semaphoreC.acquire ();printf ('C');} catch (InterruptedException e) {throw new RuntimeException (e);} finally {semaphoreA.release ();}}}, "t3").start ();}
通过Volatile对缓存的禁用,每次都去读取最新的token值,来决定放行哪一个行为。这其实有点CAS的味道。当然代码的简洁性稍微强了一丢丢,一点封装的味道都没有。
volatile int token = 0;@Testpublic void testForVolatile() {new Thread (() -> {for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++) {while (token % 3 != 0) ;printf ('A');token++;}}, "t1").start ();new Thread (() -> {for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++) {while (token % 3 != 1) ;printf ('B');token++;}}, "t2").start ();new Thread (() -> {for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++) {while (token % 3 != 2) ;printf ('C');token++;}}, "t3").start ();}
这里附上使用Unsafe实现Volatile,其实就是手动进行缓存进行,禁止指令重排,每次都去内存中读取最新值,监听变量的变化
@Testpublic void testForUnsafe() throws NoSuchFieldException, IllegalAccessException {Field field = Unsafe.class.getDeclaredField ("theUnsafe");field.setAccessible (true);Unsafe unsafe = (Unsafe) field.get (null);ExecutorService threadPool = Executors.newFixedThreadPool (3);for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {int finalI = i;threadPool.execute (() -> {for (int j = 0; j < 20; j++) {unsafe.loadFence ();while (num % 3 != finalI);char c = (char) ('A' + num % 3);printf (c);num++;}});}}
通过ReentrantLock,并对打印任务进行封装得以复用。每个线程都需要去抢占Lock,之后通过num的来决定打印的是什么。代码看起来舒服了很多,但是究竟哪个才是打印A的线程?哪个才是B?哪个才是C呢?其实职责就不明确了,这里是面向结果编程,丢失了具体类的职责,所以也不是很完美。
private int num = 0;class PrintTask implements Runnable {@Overridepublic void run() {for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++) {try {lock.lock ();char c = (char) ('A' + num % 3);num++;printf (c);} finally {lock.unlock ();}}}}@Testpublic void testForLock() {ExecutorService threadPool = Executors.newFixedThreadPool (3);for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {threadPool.execute (new PrintTask ());}}
只面过两次厂,看到大佬们实属紧张,希望以后能有所改善!真的很难受,这么简单的题,却写出了最令人难以接受的代码,当然还有很多方式,只是不再写了